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> ClickHouse 中 IPv6 数据类型的文档，用于将 IPv6 地址存储为 16 字节的值

# IPv6

<div id="ipv6">
  ## IPv6
</div>

IPv6 地址。以 UInt128 大端序存储，占用 16 个字节。

<div id="basic-usage">
  ### 基本用法
</div>

```sql theme={null}
CREATE TABLE hits (url String, from IPv6) ENGINE = MergeTree() ORDER BY url;

DESCRIBE TABLE hits;
```

```text theme={null}
┌─name─┬─type───┬─default_type─┬─default_expression─┬─comment─┬─codec_expression─┐
│ url  │ String │              │                    │         │                  │
│ from │ IPv6   │              │                    │         │                  │
└──────┴────────┴──────────────┴────────────────────┴─────────┴──────────────────┘
```

或者，也可以将 `IPv6` 域作为键：

```sql theme={null}
CREATE TABLE hits (url String, from IPv6) ENGINE = MergeTree() ORDER BY from;
```

`IPv6` 域支持使用 IPv6 字符串作为自定义输入：

```sql theme={null}
INSERT INTO hits (url, from) VALUES ('https://wikipedia.org', '2a02:aa08:e000:3100::2')('https://clickhouse.com', '2001:44c8:129:2632:33:0:252:2')('https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/', '2a02:e980:1e::1');

SELECT * FROM hits;
```

```text theme={null}
┌─url────────────────────────────────┬─from──────────────────────────┐
│ https://clickhouse.com          │ 2001:44c8:129:2632:33:0:252:2 │
│ https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/ │ 2a02:e980:1e::1               │
│ https://wikipedia.org              │ 2a02:aa08:e000:3100::2        │
└────────────────────────────────────┴───────────────────────────────┘
```

值以紧凑的二进制格式存储：

```sql theme={null}
SELECT toTypeName(from), hex(from) FROM hits LIMIT 1;
```

```text theme={null}
┌─toTypeName(from)─┬─hex(from)────────────────────────┐
│ IPv6             │ 200144C8012926320033000002520002 │
└──────────────────┴──────────────────────────────────┘
```

IPv6 地址可以直接与 IPv4 地址进行比较：

```sql theme={null}
SELECT toIPv4('127.0.0.1') = toIPv6('::ffff:127.0.0.1');
```

```text theme={null}
┌─equals(toIPv4('127.0.0.1'), toIPv6('::ffff:127.0.0.1'))─┐
│                                                       1 │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
```

**另请参见**

* [处理 IPv4 和 IPv6 地址的函数](/zh/reference/functions/regular-functions/ip-address-functions)